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Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1641)
The Battle of Cape St Vincent of 1641 took place on 4 November 1641 between a Spanish fleet commanded by Don Juan Alonso de Idiáquez y Robles and a Dutch fleet led by Artus Gijsels during the Eighty Years' War. Two Dutch ships were lost and more than a hundred of their men were killed, but the cost was higher: 2 Spanish ships with over a thousand Spanish dead. The remaining Spanish fleet was forced to abandon the town to the Dutch and retreat to Cádiz.
== Background ==
In 1641, after the outbreak of the Portuguese Restoration War, the Portuguese government, with Dutch and French help, prepared to start the offensive against Spain at sea.〔Fernández Duro p. 270〕 Dom António Telles da Silva, who had fought the Dutch in India, was designated commander of squadron of 16 ships, which along of another 30 of the Dutch Republic under Artus Gijsels, was entrusted the mission of capture and hold the Spanish towns of Cádiz and Sanlúcar.〔 The attempts failed thanks to the fortuitous encounter that they had with 5 Dunkirkers under Judocus Peeters, who was chasing a flotilla of Algerian privateers, off Cape St. Vincent.〔 Peeters managed to reach Cádiz without losing a single vessel and put on alert the Marquis of Ayamonte and Don Gaspar Alfonso Pérez de Guzmán, 9th Duke of Medina Sidonia.〔Fernández Duro p. 271〕
Gijsels and Telles returned to Lisbon, where Telles was replaced by Tristão de Mendonça, former Ambassador to the Dutch Republic.〔 The Portuguese fleet then sailed with the French fleet of the Marquis de Brézé,〔Saturnino Monteiro, ''Batalhas e combates da Marinha Portuguesa, Volumes 5-6'', p.225. (1997) ISBN 9789725623237〕 while the Dutch fleet set sail in order to intercept and capture the Spanish West Indies Fleet between the Azores and Cape St. Vincent.〔 It was a hasty maneuver, since the Dutch ships had orders to return to their country if the West Indies Fleet didn't appear before November.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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